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Core Advanced: what do the 2 GB of memory really measure?Apple’s model has 20 billion parameters, but a reading taken after a prompt shows around 2 GiB. These figures do not measure the same thing: one describes the entire model, the other a memory state observed on a particular Mac.
France: four tests before restricting a demonstrationAfter the violence in October, security and freedoms are not simply at odds. In France, the law requires a specific risk, a necessary and proportionate measure, and the possibility of judicial review.
2026 is not 1789: what the word ‘revolution’ really measuresEmmanuel de Waresquiel compares the October demonstrations with 1789 while rejecting the equivalence. Institutions, sovereignty and presidential precedents provide a way to test the word ‘revolution’.
Marine Le Pen in Orléans: what the rally established for the campaignThe congress on 24 and 25 October established a narrative, an organisation and a timetable. The speech did not, however, resolve either the legal uncertainty or the electoral stages ahead.
Pengo Bossio Wangi: a dream of MMA built on journeys and trainingFor years, Pengo Bossio Wangi devoted almost five hours a day to travelling and training. A documented portrait of an amateur who aspired to compete in professional MMA.
In Aubervilliers, tribute to Pengo Bossio Wangi brought together grief and fear of racismOn 25 October, Pengo Bossio Wangi’s MMA club drew a crowd in Aubervilliers. Four days later, a look back at a bereavement that became a collective response to racism.
Trappes: police custody and criminal responsibility, two different questionsThe temporary suspension of questioning does not establish criminal irresponsibility. Medical fitness, capacity to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the events, and the terrorist classification are subject to separate assessments.
After Trappes: what can be established about hate speech and violenceIn the National Assembly, responsibility for words has become a political battleground. Yet the investigation has established no direct link with a political party: research urges us to distinguish collective influence from individual causation.
BFMTV faces criticism: what pluralism requires — and what it does not decideAfter the Trappes attack, BFMTV’s unions and management are at odds over how guests should be challenged. Pluralism is assessed over time; it does not relieve a channel of its editorial choices.
Racist terrorism: why the two classifications can apply togetherUnder French law, the terrorist purpose of an act and the racist aggravating circumstance address different questions. The investigation in Trappes and La Verrière shows how they can both be applied, without prejudging the court’s decision.
Merlin between emancipation and order: Quinet versus EvolaA 1984 archive made available again by France Culture sets two political uses of Merlin against each other: Edgar Quinet’s republican emancipation and Julius Evola’s hierarchical order.
Éclats de guerre: Patrick Chauvel, from reporting to narrativePublished on 21 October 2026, Patrick Chauvel’s book extends in written form a body of witness work whose 380,000 images are held at the Mémorial de Caen.